Question

hello can you please write a nursing care plan using the Rubic and case study below? please use essay style format. Thanks

Case Study, Chapter 37, Management of Patients with HIV infection and AIDS 1. The nurse is planning to provide education on HIV infection transmission and prevention strategies at a local senior center (Learning Objectives 1 and 4) a. What should the nurse include in the session considering the needs of the older population? 2. Sallie Jefferies, 28-year-old patient, is at the obstetric clinic for a pregnancy visit. The physician informs the patient that her HIV screen test is positive. The patient has no evidence of AIDS. The nurse provides patient education regarding what HIV is and what the clinical management entails. (Learning Objective 5)

Answer 1

1. HIV

a viruts that targets host cells and turns them into viral factories

AIDS

symptomatic condition making the individual vulnerable to opportunistic infections that can cause disability or death (end stage disease)

#. Pathophysiology

virus which targets the CD4 immune cell, replicating to produce the copies of the virus in the host cell

-CD4 cell becomes viral factory

-CD4 cell count is the common labortary test:

CD4 count >500 cells/uL is normal

CD4 count <500 cells/uL is HIV

CD4 count <200 cells/uL is AIDS

#. HIV tansmission

body fluids: blood, semen, preseminal fluid, vaginal fluid, breast milk

-sharing contaminated needles, by injecting contaminated blood products

-from mother to baby before or during birth or via breast milk

NOT via sliva, tears, urine or through casual contact

targets GI cells, organ cells and immune cells

2. Signs and symptoms :-

#. acute HIV infection

-2 to 4 weeks after infection, flu-like symptoms, lasts a few days to 4 weeks, seroconversion (development of detectable specific antibodies to microorganisms in the blood serum as a result of infection or immunization)

#. asymptomatic chronic HIV infection

lasts afew months to 10 years, few symptoms, subclinical changes

#. symptomatic HIV infection

fever, sweat, skin problems, fatigue, decline in nutrient status or body composition

#. AIDS

advance HIV

one or more well-defined, life-threatening clinical conditions

#. primary HIV infection

flue-like symptoms

reduction in CD4 cell counts

-strong relationship between CD4 cell count, viral load, and progression to diagnosis of AIDS

nutritional decline, wasting

opportunistic infetions (OIs)

3. Potential complications :-

- acute retroviral syndrome

- GBS

- aseptic meningitis

- persistent lymphadenopathy

- myopathy

- Kaposis sarcoma

- Orla ulcer

- Seborrhea

- Herpes zoster

4. General Appearance of the patient

The appearance of the patient depends on the stage of the disease. The patient may look very healthy or be ill-looking and cachectic.

Vitals

Temperature

Fever can be present.

Pulse

Tachycardia can be present.

Blood pressure

Hypotension can be present.

Respiratory rate

Tachypnea can be seen during fever and respiratory tract infections

Skin

Folliculitis can be present.

Seborrheic dermatitis can be present.

Psoriasis can be present.

Skin lesions can be present in some cases.

Eyes

Retinal hemorrhage may be present.

Retinal infiltrates may be present.

Head

Tenderness of sinuses may be elicited.

Nose

Inflammation of the nasal turbinates may be present.

Ears

Unilateral or bilateral deafness may be present.

Discharge from the ears may be found.

Throat

Peridontal disease may be present.

Oral herpes simplex lesions may be found.

Oral thrush may be found.

Lungs

Crackles and rhonchi may be found.

Dullness to percussion can be present.

Increased tactile fremitus can be present.

Cardiovascular system

A heart murmur can be found.

Abdomen

Abdominal tenderness can be found.

Hepatomegaly may be detected.

Splenomegaly may be detected.

Genitourinary

Vaginal or urethral discharge can be present.

Extremities

Muscle weakness may be present.

Joint swelling may be present.

Central Nervous System

Focal neurological deficits may be found.

Behavioral changes may be observed.

Gait disturbances may be present.