Question

2. Sallie Jefferies, 28-year-old patient, is at the obstetric clinic for a pregnancy visit. The physician informs the patient that her HIV screen test is positive. The patient has no evidence of AIDS. Th the clinical management entails. (Learning Objective 5) e nurse provides patient education regarding what HIV is and what What clinical management is recommended for the patient during the pregnancy to help decrease the risk of transmitting HIV to the unborn child? a.

Answer 1

2a

Women infected with HIV may first show symptoms at the time of pregnancy or possibly develop life-threatening infections because normal pregnancy involves some suppression of the maternsl immune system.

Prenatal period-Prevent opportunistic infections.

Avoid procedures that increase the risk of perinstal transmission, such as amniocentesis and fetal scalp sampling.

During the intrapartum period.

• If the fetus has not been exposed to HIV inutero, the highest risk exists during delivery through the birth canal.
• Avoid use of internal scalp electrodes for monitoring of the fetus.
• Avoid episiotomy to decrease the amount of maternal blood in and around the birth canal.
• Avoid the administration of oxytocin because contractions induced by oxytocin can be strong, causing vaginal tears or necessitating an episiotomy.
• Place heavy absorbent pads under the mothers hip to absorb amniotic fluid and maternal blood.
• Minimize the neonates exposure to maternal blood and body fluids ;promptly remove the neonate from the mothers blood after delivery. Suction fuids from the neonate promptly.

• 2 Premedocate the client with acetaminophen as prescribed ,if the client has a history of adverse reactions;if prescribed, oral medications should be administered 30minutes before the transfusion is started, and intravenously administered medications may be given immediately before the transfusion is started.