Question

Are the bonds in each of the following substances ionic, nonpolar covalent, or polar covalent?
(a) KCl
ionic
nonpolar covalent
polar covalent
(b) P4
ionic
nonpolar covalent
polar covalent
(c) BF3
ionic
nonpolar covalent
polar covalent
(d) SO2
ionic
nonpolar covalent
polar covalent
(e) Br2
ionic
nonpolar covalent
polar covalent
(f) NO2
ionic
nonpolar covalent
polar covalent
Arrange the substances with polar covalent bonds in order of increasing bond polarity. (Use the appropriate <, =, or > symbol to separate substances in the list.)

Answer 1

Concepts and reason

This problem is based on formation of ionic and covalent bonds in compounds. Ionic bonds are formed by the transfer of electrons from one atom to another. Covalent bonds are formed by sharing of electrons between two or more atoms of similar electronegativities.

If the shared electron pair is shared equally between the two atoms, a nonpolar covalent bond is formed, and if it is more attracted towards one atom than another, then a polar covalent bond is formed

Fundamentals

Ionic bonds are formed between a metal and a nonmetal.A covalent bond is formed between two nonmetals. When a covalent bond is formed between atoms of same element, it is nonpolar in nature, as the atoms are identical. When a covalent bond is formed between two different nonmetals having different electronegativity, a polar covalent bond is formed.

(a)

is made of elements potassium ,and chlorine

is metal

is nonmetal

Bond between a metal and nonmetal atom is ionic.

Therefore, the bond present in is an ionic bond.

(b)

is made up of four atoms of phosphorus

Phosphorus is a nonmetal.

Bond formed between atoms of same nonmetal is a nonpolar covalent bond.

(c)

is made of one atom of boron, and three atoms of fluorine.

Both boron and fluorine are non-metals, so they form a covalent bond.

The two atoms and have high electronegativity difference.

So, the bond formed between and is polar covalent bond

(d)

is made of one atom of sulphur and two atoms of oxygen.

Both sulphur and oxygen are non-metals, so they form a covalent bond.

The two atoms and have high electronegativity difference.

So, the bond formed between and is polar covalent bond.

(e)

is made of two atoms of nonmetal bromine. So it has covalent bond.

The two atoms come from the same element. So, they form a non-polar covalent bond.

(f)

is made of one atom of nitrogen and two atoms of oxygen.

Both nitrogen and oxygen are non-metals, so they form a covalent bond.

The two atoms and have high electronegativity difference.

So, the bond formed between and is polar covalent bond

Ans: Part a

The bond present in is an ionic bond.