Question

Table 1 Factors Affecting Solubility le 1. Identity general trends. Exceptions do sometimes occur, we will leam about exceptions and the reasons behind them later. Condition Nonbonding Interaction (if applicable) Dipol-dipole polar solute/polar solvent Effect on Solubility The solute dissolves. nonpolar solute/nonpolar solvent polar soluto/nonpolar solvent nonpolar solute/polar solvent increasing the pressure of a gas over a liquid solvent increasing the temperature of a dissolving solid increasing the temperature of a dissolving gas Table 2 Measures of Solution Concentration Quantity Formula Example mass percent solute mass total soln mass x 100% 20 g of NaCl in 90 g water = (20 g NaCl / 110 g soln) x 100% = 18% by mass mole fraction 0.25 mol NaCl in 5.50 moles water = 0.25 mol NaCl/5.75 total moles = 0.043 mole fraction 283 12-1 Solutions

Answer 1

Mon-bonding intorection Efreet of soleblit -cit applicable Polarsolute/polare Dipule-dipole solubility increases Solvent Iron-polar solutet induced cliple non polar solvent -induced dipole solubility thorenses Polarsolute/nonpolae Dipole -induced solvent Solubility decreases dipole nonpolac solutel Induced dipole solubility decreased polar solvent -dipole interacht Increasing the pressus Increases of gas over liquid scret Increasing the temp Increases of dissolving solvent Increasing the tena Increases gently of dissolving gas exception cerium a set sulphate B mole fraction of component na o Total no. of moles na= no. of moles of component A 2) Molarity = no. of moles volm of solution in liter (dm3] 3 Molality = no. of moles Kad weight of solvent in kg Property Quantitative effect reduce Napore pressure Vapor pressure boiling point freezing point increases boiling pt. decreases freezing Pl. Osmotic pressuel Increases osmotic pressure

key question 1. General rulers like dissolves in eike legpolar solute more soluble in polaz solvent non polas solute more soluble in nonpolar Solvent im sugae is Imole sugar present in 1ooomL of ww solution Imol sugar present in 1 kg of water Im sugar is In presente of non-volatile solute in solvent decreases the freeeing it. Ccolligative property hence ice melts at tempoc po-P =RA where pop = lowening of v.P. po= vapore pressure of pure solvent P= Vip of solvent in solution NA = mole fruction of solate Boiling point is temp at which v.p. of liguid becomes equal to atomospheric pressure. v.p a In solution the vip of solvert lowers bence B.P. of solvent in solution icreases. В Р.