Question

How capacitors and inductors can make voltages out of phase from the original signal?

Answer 1

Capacitors and Inductors are reactive components of circuits. In case, the reactive components are not present in the circuit then the circuit is known as resistive circuit (incase of only presence of resistors). In this case, The current remains in-phase with the voltage which means there is no phase shift incase of resistive circuit.

As Capacitors and Inductors are reactive components which means the voltage and the current are out of phase from each other. Incase of Capacitive circuit, Voltage lags the current by 90 deg. and incase of Inductive circuit, Voltage leads the current by 90 deg.

As in case of Inductance, it has the property to oppose the change in current due to the back emf efffect and due to this, the current will reach its peak value sometime after the voltage and thus, it is how generates “ out of phase “ between voltage and the current.

Similarly, Capacitor has the property to oppose the change in voltage and thus voltage reaches it’s peak value sometime after the current. In this way Capacitor and Inductor makes viltage and current “Out of phase”.