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9. You are currently holding stock A which has expected return of 10% and standard deviation of 3%. You would like to add one
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(a) All the three stocks A, B & C have the same expected return of 10%. However they have different standard deviation. Since, all the stocks are uncorrelated, we should choose the stock with least standard deviation for the given level of expected return, for inclusion in the portfolio. Hence, we should choose stock C.

(b) Variance of a portfolio of A & B = (WAσA)2 + (WBσB)2 + 2ρA,B(WAσA)(WBσB) = (WAσA)2 + (WBσB)2 + 2 x 0.5 x (WAσA)(WBσB) = (WAσA)2 + (WBσB)2 + (WAσA)(WBσB)

Variance of a portfolio of A & C = (WAσA)2 + (WCσC)2 + 2ρA,C(WAσA)(WCσC) = (WAσA)2 + (WCσC)2 + 2 x 0 x (WAσA)(WCσC) = (WAσA)2 + (WCσC)2

Since, σB > σC; the variance of the portfolio of A, B will be higher than that of A, C even though the expected return will remain the same. Hence, we will choose the stock that will give rise to the portfolio with lower variance if the expected return is constant. Hence, this time also, we will choose stock C.

(c) Variance of a portfolio of A & C = (WAσA)2 + (WCσC)2 + 2ρA,C(WAσA)(WCσC) = (WAσA)2 + (WCσC)2 + 2 x (-1) x (WAσA)(WCσC) = (WAσA)2 + (WCσC)2 - 2 x (WAσA)(WCσC) = (WAσA - WCσC)2

Hence, the optimal portfolio = minimum variance portfolio = Portfolio for which (WAσA - WCσC)2 = 0

i.e. (WAσA - WCσC) = 0 i.e WAσA = WCσC

Hence, WA x 3% = WC x 2%

WA + WC = 1

Hence, WA x 3% = (1 - WA) x 2%

Hence, WA = 2% / 5% = 0.4; Wc = 1 - 0.4 = 0.6

Hence, the optimal portfolio will invest 40% in stock A and the balance 60% in stock C.

The variance of such a portfolio will be zero, hence it's risk will be zero. Hence, this portfolio is risk free portfolio. And hence the return of this portfolio = WA x RA + WC x RC = 0.4 x 10% + 0.6 x 10% = 10% = risk free return in this economy.

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