Question

What are the reasons of decentralization of office employment and population in the 20th century? list 3-4 points.

Answer 1

Ans) Decentralization policies are part of vigorous initiatives to support rural development. Decentralization is the transfer of part of the powers of the central government to regional or local authorities. Centralization is in light of the requirement for national solidarity, while decentralization is because of requests for assorted variety. There are following reasons of decentralization of office employment and population in 20th century which are as follows:

• Reforms in Education Sector- Decentralization has without a doubt given conceivable outcomes to expanding open interest, by setting up network and different associations, just as more prominent adaptability and improved access to instructive administrations; in any case, it has regularly been joined by declining assets at the city level, just as changing working conditions and examples of social discourse. In decentralized frameworks, challenges incorporate the ability to back and oversee at nearby levels and to manufacture linkages and viable associations between the different establishments concerned and at various administration levels.
• Deficits of Urban Transport - Forced by progressive reductions in public expenditure, municipal authorities have had to cope with the problems of the growing deficits of urban transport services and the reduction in the quality of services and the number of passengers. The authorities have developed different ways of dealing with the problem, including the privatization of all or part of the services, sometimes acquired by foreign transport operators, the corporatization of the services and the introduction of private competition or the concessioning of parts of the system to private operators. These changes have had an impact on the employees (legal status, security of tenure, total employment, workload, work rules) as well as on labour-management relations.
• Need for Basic Services - Water, gas, electricity and waste management have a vital role to play in the provision of basic services to the population, in the growth of other economic sectors and in the development of society as a whole. The provision of such services – regardless of the type of ownership of the provider – must be in the public interest. Ensuring universal access to these services remains a worldwide challenge, especially in developing countries. Restructuring and privatization of utilities have an impact on the terms of employment and working conditions of the workforce in this sector.