Question

(14 pts) 2. Define electrophile. Give an example of charged molecule that reacts as an electrophile: Give an example of an electrophile that has a partial charge: Give an example of an electrophile that has no charge: Define nucleophile Give an example of a nucleophile that is charged: Give an example of a nucleophile that has a partial charge: Give an example of a nucleophile that has no charge:

Answer 1

Electrophile :A species which is electron deficient and can accept electrons is called electrophile.

Nucleophile is a species which is electron rich and can donate electrons.

Generally electrophiles react with nucleophiles.

Examples :

positively charged electrophile: Fe^{​​​​​2+} , Ag⁺ , H⁺, CH_{​​​​​3}⁺ , Br⁺

^​​​​Examples for neutral electrophile:

BF_{​​​​​3 ,} SO_{​​​​​3}

Examples for nucleophile: All negatively charged ions

CN^{​​​​​-} , Cl^{​​​​​-} , OH^{​​​​​-}

Examples for neutral nucleophiles: NH_{​​​​​3} and H₂O(Water)

Partially+vely charged electrophile and nucleophiles:

In H-Cl, hydrogen is partially +vely charged and chlorine is partially negatively charged.

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