The human brain and spinal cord are immersed in the cerebrospinal fluid. The fluid is normally...
The human brain and spinal cord are immersed in the cerebrospinal fluid. The fluid is normally continuous between the cranial and spinal cavities and exerts a pressure of 100 to 200 mm of H2O above the prevailing atmospheric pressure. In medical work, pressures are often measured in units of mm of H2O because body fluids, including the cerebrospinal fluid, typically have nearly the same density as water. The pressure of the cerebrospinal fluid can be measured by means of a spinal tap. A hollow tube is inserted into the spinal column, and the height to which the fluid rises is observed, as shown in the figure below. If the fluid rises to a height of 188 mm, we write its gauge pressure as 188 mm H2O.
A patient lies sideways while a surgeon tries to insert a hollow tube into his spinal cord.
(a) Express this pressure in pascals, in atmospheres, and in millimeters of mercury. (The density of water is 1.00 ✕ 103 kg/m3, and the density of mercury is 13.6 ✕ 103 kg/m3.)
| pascals | kPa |
| atmospheres | atm |
| millimeters of mercury | mm of Hg |
(b) Sometimes it is necessary to determine whether an accident
victim has suffered a crushed vertebra that is blocking the flow of
cerebrospinal fluid in the spinal column. In other cases, a
physician may suspect that a tumor or other growth is blocking the
spinal column and inhibiting the flow of cerebrospinal fluid. Such
conditions can be investigated by means of the Queckensted
test. In this procedure the veins in the patient's neck are
compressed, to make the blood pressure rise in the brain. The
increase in pressure in the blood vessels is transmitted to the
cerebrospinal fluid. What should be the normal effect on the height
of the fluid in the spinal tap?
(c) Suppose compressing the veins had no effect on the level of the
fluid. What might account for this phenomenon?
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The human brain and spinal cord are immersed in the cerebrospinal fluid. The fluid is normally...
The human brain and spinal cord are immersed in the cerebrospinal fluid. The fluid is normally...
The human brain and spinal cord are immersed in the cerebrospinal fluid. The fluid is normally continuous between the cranial and spinal cavities and exerts a pressure of 100 to 200 mm of H2 above the prevailing atmospheric pressure. In medical work, pressures are often measured in units of mm of H2O because body fluids, including the cerebrospinal fluid, typically have the same density as water. The pressure of the cerebrospinal fluid can be measured by means of a spinal...
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The human brain and spinal cord are immersed in the cerebrospinal fluid. The fluid is normally continuous between the cranial and spinal cavities and exerts a pressure of 100 to 200 mm of H2 above the prevailing atmospheric pressure. In medical work, pressures are often measured in units of mm of H2O because body fluids, including the cerebrospinal fluid, typically have the same density as water. The pressure of the cerebrospinal fluid can be measured by means of a spinal...
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