Pls do not handwritten for easy reading
Question:-
Discuss and analyze the pros and cons of using forward contracts versus futures contracts for hedging purpose
FORWARDS: |
PROS: |
*The rate is certain and is inclusive of the dealer's fee. |
*The hedging can be 100% and the maturity date can be |
as one wants. This is possible because the contracts are |
tailor made. |
CONS: |
*The contract has to be performed on the due date. |
*One cannot take advantage of price movements after the |
contract is entered into. |
*Counterparty risk of non performance is present. |
FUTURES: |
*One can exit from the futures contract by entering into a |
reverse transaction for the same amount of the underlying. |
*Counterparty risk of non performance is absent as futures |
are managed by recognized stock exchanges. |
*Better price determination is there as the transactions are |
continuously entered into by different parties on the |
futures exchange. |
*Rates are transparent. |
CONS: |
*Being standardized contracts in terms of amounts/numbers |
it is almost not possible to have exact 100% hedging. Mostly |
there would be overhedging or underhedging. |
*Constracts are subject to initial and maintenance margins |
and one may be called upon to make up the maintenance |
margin due to marking to market. |
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