Question

Determine whether each of the following changes represents oxidation or reduction.

C2H6O to C2H4O2

Ketone to Alcohol

Fe^3+ to Fe^2+

Cu to Cu^2+

C6H12O6 to CO2

2Ag^+ to 2Ag

CH3CH2OH to CH3CH3

NO^3- to NO^2-

Answer 1

Concepts and reason

Oxidation and reduction is types of chemical reactions in which involve a transfer of electrons from one atom to another. Oxidation-reduction reactions are carrying on by loss or gain of electrons. The oxidized species can be identified by finding the oxidation number of chemical species.

Oxidation and reduction can be explained in three ways:

In terms of oxygen

In terms of hydrogen

In terms of electrons

Fundamentals

In terms of oxygen:

The gain of oxygen is called oxidation. For example,

The loss of oxygen is called reduction. For example,

In terms of hydrogen:

The loss of hydrogen is called oxidation. For example,

The gain of hydrogen is called reduction. For example,

In terms of electron:

Oxidation: Loss of electrons is called oxidation.

Reduction: Gain of electrons is called reduction.

is oxidized to

Ketone to alcohol

For example:

Fe(III) is reduced to Fe(II).

Cu is oxidized to Cu²⁺

The oxidation state of Cu increased from 0 to +2. Therefore, this is oxidation reaction.

C₆H₁₂O₆ to CO₂

H is +1 oxidation state and O is -2 oxidation states.

Oxidation state of C is 6x + 12(+1) + 6(-2) = 0, x = 0.

For CO₂, C is +4 oxidation states.

Ag+ reduced to Ag.

is reduced to

reduced to

Ans: