Question

Sort the following molecules by whether the substituent group is ortho/para or meta directing for electrophilic aromatic substitution.

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Answer #1

The substituent groups - COOH, -NO2, -SO3H, are deactivating the benzene ring by reducing the electron density on benzene nucleus by -M effect/-I effect and are meta directing groups towards aromatic electrophilic substitution.

The groups -CH2CH3, -NH2 are activating groups by increasing the electron density on benzene nucleus by +M/+I effects and thus are ortho and para directing groups.

The group -Br is deactivating by -I effect and directs incoming electrophile into ortho asnd para positions due to +M effect which is weaker than in inductive effect.

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