Describe the pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, nursing care, and collaborative management of patients with movement and coordination problems, hemorrhagic stroke.
Ans) Stroke:
- An interruption in blood flow to the brain that results in the death of brain cells and can have consequences for movement, sensation or emotions.
- Ischemic is the result of an embolism or thrombosis, hemorrhagic stroke is the rupturing of a cerebral vessel, causing bleeding into the brain tissue.
Risk factors:
- hypertension (modifiable), prior ischemic episodes (TIA), cardivascular disease/atrial fibrillation, oral contraceptives, emotional stress, family history, advancing age, diabetes mellitus, obesity.
Pathophysiology of stroke, ie what happens when someone has a
stroke
blood flow reduced or interrupted, which leads to interruption of
nerve impulses down corticospinal tract, leading to decreased or
absent voluntary movement on one side of the body (fine movements
are more affected than coarse movements), leads to later autonomous
reflex activity, leading to spasticity and rigidity of muscle.
Subjective signs and symptoms of a stroke:
1.weakness
2.sudden or gradual loss of movement of extremities on one
side
3. difficulty forming words
4.difficulty swallowing
5 nausea, vomiting
6. history of TIAs
Management:
- Medications used in the treatment of acute stroke include the following: Anticonvulsants - To prevent seizure recurrence. Antihypertensive agents - To reduce BP and other risk factors of heart disease. Osmotic diuretics - To decrease intracranial pressure in the subarachnoid space.
- Emergency treatment for a hemorrhagic stroke
This treatment focuses on controlling the bleeding in your brain
and reducing the pressure caused by the bleeding. Drugs can be used
to reduce blood pressure or slow down the bleeding.
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