Question

Problem:

Obtain a random sample size n of at least 30 on a random variable of your choice. Plot the frequency histogram, and compute the mean, standard deviation, and skew. Use the relative frequency histogram to determine the interval probability, cumulative probability, and exceedence probability of values of your choice (choose any valuss of your choice) Use the handout, in photos below, which contains precipitation data for College Station to guide you.

Illustrative example:(Ref. exampl The values of annual precipitation,x in College Station, Texas, from 1911 to 1979 given in Table 11.1.1 are presented in a data matrix below. Using Mathcad, plot the frequency histogram, compute the sample mean, sample standard deviation, and the sample coefficient of skewness. What is the probabililty that the annual precipitation R in any year will be less than 35 in? Greater than 45 in? Between 35 and 45 in? from Chow ORIGIN = 0 39.9 31.0 42.3 42.1 41.1 28.7 16.8 34.1 56.4 48.7 44.1 A-= 42.8 48.4 34.2 32.4 46.4 38.9 37.3 50.6 44.8 34.0 45.6 37.3 56.5 43.4 41.3 46.0 44.3 37.8 29.6 35.1 49.7 36.6 32.5 := | 61.7 47.4 33.9 31.7 43.7 41.1 31.2 35.2 35.1 49.3 44.2 41.7 30.8 53.6 B := | 34.5 | x := stack(A, B,C) 50.3 43.8 21.6 47.1 27.0 37.0 46.8 26.9 25.4 23.0 59.6 50.5 38.6 43.4 28.7 32.0 51.8

There are 1979-1911 +1= 69 data points. Thus the sample size n = 69. n :-# 69 min(x) max (x) 15 20 25 30 35 intvis := | 40 45 50 16.8 61.7 6 14 h: hist intvls,x) 16 10 60 65 15 10 20 30 40 50 60 intvls mean (x) 39.765 stdev (x)9.165 skew(x)0.029

mean(x, n) := | for ie l .. n mean mean ← mean mean(x, n) 39.765 meanmean (x, n) mean 39.765 .xac(x,n) := 1 for ie l .. n IT Σ (xi-mean)2 var ← varvar var(x,n) 85.233 var 85.233 stdev = 9.232 stdev - / = 9.165 skew(x, n)for ie1..n n- (x-mean) skew (n 1) (n 2) stdev skew ← skew skew(x, n) = 0.029 skew skew(x,n) skew 0.029

There are 1979-19119 data points. Thus the sample size n 69. Let A be the event that R is less than 35.0 in, B be the event that R is greater than 45.0 in. From the data in Table 11.11.1 the frequency histogram is plotted in Figure above. The number of values for R falling in the range less than 35.0 in is nA 23, and the number of values for R falling in th range greater than 45.0 in is nB 19 p(A)- p(R< 35.0) p(B)p(R > 45.0) 69 A 23 B19 The relative frequency of A is: 0.333 which is an estimate of p(A) P(A)0.333 The relative frequency of B is: 0.275 which is an estimate of p(B) - p(B)0.275 From the definition of complementary probability p(35.0 R 45.0)1-p(R35.0) (p(R) > 45.0) 10.333 0.275 0.392 Note: probabilities estimated from sample data as for the above example are approximate, because they depend on the specific values of the observations in a sample of limited size. A alternative approach is to fit a probability distribution function to the data and then to determine the probabilities of events from this distribution function (see below).

llustrations: For College Station, Texas, find: a) the probability that the annual precipitation b) the probability that the annual precipitation will c) the probability that the annual precipitation will d) the probability that the annual precipitation will e) the probability that the annual precipitation will will be greater than 60 inches:EA be less than 60 inches: FA be less than 20 inches;FB greater than 20 inches, EB be in the range of 20 to 60 inches IAB Xmean a) XA := 60 ZA := ZA 2.192 stdev EA EA 0.014 dz bXA60 A = 2.192 FA: dz FA 0.986 -00 As a check: EA + FA-1

XB mearn c) xB := 20 zB : stdev B ー2, 141 FB := dz FB 0.016 -00 ) xB = 20 zB =-2.141 dz EB 0.984 7B As a check: FB + EB 1 e) XA = 60 A = 2.192 zB =-2.141 LAB := FA-FB IAB 0.97





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Answer #1

Let the random variable be marks obtained by 32 students of a class in Statistics subject for a maximum of 100 marks:

Here is the data set of marks obtained by 32 students:

47,48,50,52,53,55,58,58,

58,60,61,62,63,65,65,66,

69,69,70,70, 70,72,75,76,

77,77,79,85,85,89,90,93

Here is the frequency histogram of the above data:

Frequency Table 10 Ciass 47-54 55-62 63-70 71-78 79-86 87-94 Count Your Histogram Mean Standard Deviation (s) Skewness Kurtosis Lowest Score Highest Score Distribution Range Total Number of Scores Number of Distinct Scores Lowest Class Value Highest Class Value Number of Classes Class Range 67.71875 12.52413 0.28337 -0.64074 47 93 47 63 71 79 87 95 Histogram (Frequency Diagram) 32 24 47

Mean =67.72; Std.deviation =12.52; Skew or Skewness =0.28 (since skewness is positive, the data is skewed to the right).

Relative frequency and Cumulative relative frequency table:

helatin class ryaenty penty 41- S4 5 55-62 1-8 S 99-3 3 80-93 5/31-о.ist.S | |e .6 S625+ o.15625.ะเ3a5

Relative frequency histogram:

Relrtive Freens o. 21335 21 5 0,2 0.15625 525 0.0 , 335 、、1-375- 82 9s

Probabilities:

Let P= Probability; X =score (marks)

Interval probability: P(71leqXleq78) =0.15625 and P(87leqXleq94) =0.09375

Cumulative probability: P(X leq78) =0.8125 and P(Xleq94) =1

Exceedence probability: P(X>78) =1 - P(Xleq78) =1 - 0.8125 =0.1875 and P(X>94) =1 - P(Xleq94) =1 - 1 =0

(from relative frequency and cumulative relative frequency table).

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