1.
A person can have birthday in any of the 12 months of the
year.Another person can also have his/her birthday in any of the 12
months.Now,the total number of possible combinations is 12*12 ,
which equals 144.
This set of all possible combinations contains 1 identical month
{i.e. february},which are our favorable outcomes.
Thus the probability =
(Number of favorable outcomes)/(Number of events in sample
space)=
1/(12*12)=1/144
2. for this month other than in which first person is born = 11
so p(in different month) = 12.11/12.12 = 11/12
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