What’s the difference between a primary immune response and secondary immune response? Answer both in terms of the physiological responses and in terms of the mechanism by which it is achieved. Adaptive immunity is a response to a specific antigen. How does the adaptive immune system mount a specific response to an invading antigen? How is it possible to mount...
The surface glycan antigens from a variety of microbes can be immobilized on an array. These arrays can then incubated with antibodies isolated from a variety of animals. What type of information could be determined from this experiment? Choose one: A. identification of microbes that have caused an immune response in each animal B. the common features of all microbes...
1. The prevention of inflammatory immune responses to inhaled antigens in healthy individuals has mechanisms in common with those that prevent inflammatory immune responses to commensal microbes in the gut. One important component of immune regulation shared by these two situations is: a. The induction of increased numbers of IFN-g-producing T cells and ILCs in the airway and gastrointestinal epithelium...
6) A newly-generated T cell can recognize MHCs and is not self-reactive. What is its fate? A) It is signaled for destruction via apoptosis. B) It will migrate to the lymphoid tissues to await activation by its antigen. C) It will migrate to the bone marrow for screening for the ability to make antibodies against self- antigens. D) It will...
16. We said that MHC2 is mainly for presentation of exogenous antigens, whereas MHC1 is mainly for presentation of endogenous antigens. Why is this so? A. MHC2 is on the outside of cells, MHC1 is on the inside. B. MHC2 binds to bacteria to allow macrophages to engulf the bacteria. C. MHC1 is found in the nucleus of infected cells,...
1.Individuals with peanut allergies can exhibit a variety of symptoms following exposure to the peanut allergen. These symptoms can include a runny nose, skin reactions such as hives, itching in the mouth and throat, digestive problems such as cramps, diarrhea or vomiting, and shortness of breath or wheezing. This variety of symptoms is a result of: a. Systemic production of...
A host organism needs time, often days, to mount an immune response against a new antigen, but memory cells permit a rapid response to pathogens previously encountered. A vaccine to protect against a particular viral infection often consists of weakened or killed virus or isolated proteins from a viral protein coat. When injected into a person, the vaccine generally does...
The universal donor is a person with type blood because this person has no present on the RBC, which in turn does not generate an immune response post infusion. AB; antigens AB; antibodies O; antigens O; antibodies Question 4 (1 point) Saved The universal recipient is a person with type blood because this person has no present in the plasma,...
Which of the following statements about how B and T cells recognize antigen are true? Correct any false statements. a. B cells only recognize antigen presented by class I or class II MHC molecules. b. Both cell types can recognize extra-cellular antigen free-floating in solution. c. Both cell types recognize extracellular matrix-bound antigens. d. T cells only recognize antigen presented...
1) Explain in your own words how immune system evasion represents a trade-off for the pathogen. 2) Describe an evolutionary explanation for why the human adaptive immune system has evolved to "react" to the presence of pathogens, rather than always be prepared to recognize and fight off any possible pathogen.