Using Equations 3-3, 4-31 , 4-32 , and the equilibrium constant expression for the ioniz...

Using Equations 3-3, 4-31 , 4-32 , and the equilibrium constant expression for the ionization of water, derive two equations that allow calculation of the bicarbonate and carbonate alkalinities in mg/L as CaCO³ from measurements of the total alkalinity ( A ) and the pH.

Equations 3-3

Equations 4-31

Equations 4-32