An analysis of bottled water from the Kool Artesian Water Bottling Company is listed below. Determine the total, carbonate, and noncarbonate hardness in mg/L as CaCO3 and in meq/L using the predominant polyvalent cation definition of hardness. ( Hint: use the solution to Problem 4-1 to find the bicarbonate concentration.)
Problem 4-1
Using Equations 3-3, 4-31 , 4-32 , and the equilibrium constant expression for the ionization of water, derive two equations that allow calculation of the bicarbonate and carbonate alkalinities in mg/L as CaCO3 from measurements of the total alkalinity ( A ) and the pH.
Equations 3-3
Equations 4-31
Equations 4-32
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