For a glass fiber–epoxy matrix combination, the critical ratio of fiber length to fiber diameter is 40. Using the data in Table 16.4, determine the fiber–matrix bond strength.
Table 16.4 Characteristics of Several Fiber–Reinforcement Materials
Material | Specific Gravity | Tensile Strength [GPa (106 psi)] | Specific Strength (GPa) | Modulus of Elasticity [GPa (106 psi)] | Specific Modulus (GPa) |
|
| Whiskers |
|
|
|
Graphite | 2.2 | 20 (3) | 9.1 | 700 (100) | 318 |
Silicon nitride | 3.2 | 5–7 (0.75–1.0) | 1.56–2.2 | 350–380 (50–55) | 109–118 |
Aluminum oxide | 4.0 | 10–20 (1–3) | 2.5–5.0 | 700–1500 (100–220) | 175–375 |
Silicon carbide | 3.2 | 20 (3) | 6.25 | 480 (70) | 150 |
|
| Fibers |
|
|
|
Aluminum oxide | 3.95 | 1.38 (0.2) | 0.35 | 379 (55) | 96 |
Aramid (Kevlar 49) | 1.44 | 3.6–4.1 (0.525–0.600) | 2.5–2.85 | 131 (19) | 91 |
Carbona | 1.78–2.15 | 1.5–4.8 (0.22–0.70) | 0.70–2.70 | 228–724 (32–100) | 106–407 |
E-glass | 2.58 | 3.45 (0.5) | 1.34 | 72.5 (10.5) | 28.1 |
Boron | 2.57 | 3.6 (0.52) | 1.40 | 400 (60) | 156 |
Silicon carbide | 3.0 | 3.9 (0.57) | 1.30 | 400 (60) | 133 |
UHMWPE (Spectra 900) | 0.97 | 2.6 (0.38) | 2.68 | 117 (17) | 121 |
|
| Metallic Wires |
|
|
|
High-strength steel | 7.9 | 2.39 (0.35) | 0.30 | 210 (30) | 26.6 |
Molybdenum | 10.2 | 2.2 (0.32) | 0.22 | 324 (47) | 31.8 |
Tungsten | 19.3 | 2.89 (0.42) | 0.15 | 407 (59) | 21.1 |
aAs explained in Section 13.8, because these fi bers are composed of both graphitic and turbostratic forms of carbon, the term carbon instead of graphite is used to denote these fi bers.
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