•• There is a selection rule on the total angular momentum (all spins plus all orbital momenta) of an atom or nucleus. The total angular momentum is given by a quantum number jtot, and it is found that transitions which do not satisfy Δjtot = 0 or ±1 are forbidden (that is, very improbable). Further, among the forbidden transitions the larger the value of Δjtot, the more improbable a transition is. This trend applies to β decay in nuclei as well as to radiative transitions. Use these facts to explain why an excited state of the 180Ta nucleus occurs naturally in measurable amounts. (See Appendix D.)
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