Aldosterone is a mineralocorticoid hormone produced by adrenal gland.
Proinsulin is the prohormone precursor to insulin, which is converted to insulin by the removal of C-peptide. Insulin production or activity is not known to be related to aldosterone.
Aldosterone is not known to have direct functional roles in insulin production or stress/heat responses either.
Therefore, options A, C and D are incorrect.
Aldosterone is directly involved with the conservation of sodium in the body (kidney, salivary glands, sweat glands and colon). It plays a central role in the regulation of plasma sodium and extracellular potassium and arterial blood pressure. It acts on the receptors in the distal tubules and collecting ducts of nephron and influences the reabsorption of the ion. Thus, it indirectly also influences water retention/loss and blood volume.
Therefore, option (B) is correct.