A bone is typically composed of two ends and a main stem and each of these components have different internal structural organization.
Epiphysis (A) is at the ends of the bone.
Articular cartilage (B) is a part of the epiphysis which enables the bone to position well with another bone within the body assembly.
Perichondrium (C) is a connective tissue that envelops a cartilage (when it is not at a joint.
Therefore, these options are incorrect.
Diaphysis (D) is the proper bone shaft or main stem of the bone, such as humerus. The image below shows the broad demarcations of a typical bone from a morphological point of view.
Therefore, option (D) is correct.