Step-by-Step Solution
a. The nature of this mutation is mutations in the toolkit genes. The mutations that eliminate the function of gene X in mouse results in the deformities in the regions where it is expressed namely brain, heart and lungs. Different roles are played by the toolkit genes at different places and times in development. The outcomes of X signaling are different in each case. The signaling pathway of X gene will induce the expression of one set of gene in the brain, and a different set in the heart and yet a different set in the lungs.
b. The mutation in the mouse is located in the 5' region of the X coding region.
Coding region
c. The subsequent experiments have shown signaling from the regions A, B, and C is critical for the development of brain, heart and lungs respectively. The graded activity of X in development of brain can be demonstrated using various concentrations of purified gene X to elicit close-dependent gene activity in A region. X organizes the development of region A by establishing distinct regions of brain.
The expressions of the gene X in A, B, and C regions are visualized by in situ hybridization.
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