Music performance anxiety. The nature of performance anxiety by music students was i...

Music performance anxiety. The nature of performance anxiety by music students was investigated in the British Journal of Music Education (Mar. 2014). Symptoms of music performance anxiety include increased heart rate, shallow breathing, anxious thoughts, and the avoidance of practice. A Performance Anxiety Inventory (PAI)—measured on a scale from 20 to 80 points—was developed to measure music performance anxiety. The table below gives average PAI values for participants in eight different studies.