As you might suspect, ß-carotene, C40H56, a precursor to vitamin A, was first isolated from carrots. Dilute solutions of ß -carotene are yellow—hence its use as a food coloring. In plants, this compound is almost always present in combination with chlorophyll to assist in the harvesting of the energy of sunlight. As tree leaves die in the fall, the green of their chlorophyll molecules is replaced by the yellows and reds of carotene and carotene-related molecules (see b-carotene skeleton above).
Compare the carbon skeletons of ß -carotene and lycopene. What are the similarities? What are the differences?
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