In this hands-on project, you monitor memory and swap performance using the top, free, and vmstat commands.
1. Switch to a command-line terminal (tty2) by pressing Ctrl+Alt+F2 and log in to the terminal using the user name of root and the password of secret.
2. At the command prompt, type top and press Enter. From the information displayed, write the answers to the following questions on a piece of paper:
a. How many processes are currently running?
b. How much memory does your system have in total?
c. How much memory is being used?
d. How much memory is used by buffers?
e. How much swap memory does your system have in total?
f. How much swap is being used?
3. Type q to quit the top utility.
4. At the command prompt, type free and press Enter. Does this utility give more or less information regarding memory and swap memory than the top utility? How do the values shown by the free command compare with those from Step 2?
5. At the command prompt, type vmstat and press Enter. Does this utility give more or less information regarding memory and swap memory than the top and free utilities? How do the values shown by the vmstat command compare with those from Step 2? What other information is provided by the vmstat command?
6. Type exit and press Enter to log out of your shell.
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