Write an equation showing the preparation of the following amides from the indicated carbo...

Write an equation showing the preparation of the following amides from the indicated carboxylic acid derivative:

(a)

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(b)

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(c)

Sample Solution (a) Amides of the type RC(O)NH₂ are derived by acylation of ammonia.

Two molecules of ammonia are needed because its acylation produces, in addition to the desired amide, a molecule of hydrogen chloride. Hydrogen chloride (an acid) reacts with ammonia (a base) to give ammonium chloride.