Black color in horses is governed primarily by a recessive allele at the A locus. AA and Aa horses are nonblack colors such as bay, while aa horses are black all over. (Other loci can override the effect of the A locus, but we will ignore that complication.) In an online conversation, one person asked why there are relatively few black horses of the Arabian breed. One response was, “Black is a rare color because it is recessive. More Arabians are bay or gray because those colors are dominant.” Discuss the merits and/or problems with this argument. (Assume that the A and a alleles are in Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium, which was probably true at the time of this discussion.) Generally, what does the Hardy–Weinberg model show us about the impact that an allele’s dominance or recessiveness has on its frequency?
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