Problems are listed in approximate order of difficulty. A single dot (•) indicates straightforward problems involving just one main concept and sometimes requiring no more than substitution of numbers in the appropriate formula. Two dots (••) identify problems that are slightly more challenging and usually involve more than one concept. Three dots (•••) indicate problems that are distinctly more challenging, either because they are intrinsically difficult or involve lengthy calculations. Needless to say, these distinctions are hard to draw and are only approximate.
• Consider a hydrogen atom in its ground level, placed in a magnetic field of 0.7 T along the z axis. (a) What is the energy difference between the spin-up and spin-down states? (b) An experimenter wants to excite the atom from the lower to the upper state by sending in photons of the appropriate energy. What energy is this? What is the wavelength? What kind of radiation is this? (Visible? UV? etc.)
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