Problems are listed in approximate order of difficulty. A single dot (•) indicates straigh...

Problems are listed in approximate order of difficulty. A single dot (•) indicates straightforward problems involving just one main concept and sometimes requiring no more than substitution of numbers in the appropriate formula. Two dots (••) identify problems that are slightly more challenging and usually involve more than one concept. Three dots (•••) indicate problems that are distinctly more challenging, either because they are intrinsically difficult or involve lengthy calculations. Needless to say, these distinctions are hard to draw and are only approximate.

• There exist subatomic particles with spin magnitudes different from that of the electron. However, in all cases they obey the same rules: The magnitude of S is , where s is a fixed number, integer or half-integer; and the possible values of Sz are msℏ, where ms has the values . (a) For a particle with , how many different values of Sz are there, and what are they? (b) Draw a vector model diagram similar to Fig. 8.14 showing the possible orientations of S. (c) What is the minimum possible angle between S and the z axis?