Draw a milliequivalents-per-liter diagram and list the hypothetical combinations for the f...

Draw a milliequivalents-per-liter diagram and list the hypothetical combinations for the following ground water data:

(a) Calculate the chemical doses needed for excess lime softening. Draw a bar graph for the finished water after two-stage precipitation softening by excess lime treatment with intermediate and final recarbonation. Assume that half the alkalinity in the finished water is in the bicarbonate form.

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(b) Calculate the lime dosage required for selective calcium carbonate removal. Draw a bar graph for the finished water. Is this soften­ing process recommended for this water?

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 (c) Calculate the chemical doses for split-treatment softening with 65 percent of the flow given excess lime treatment and 35 percent by-passed to second-stage blending. Estimate the hardness of the finished water.