For preventing interference of waves in neighboring fibers and for mechanical protection, individual optical fibers are usually cladded by a material of a lower refractive index, as shown in Fig., where n2 < n1.
a) Express the maximum angle of incidence θa in terms of n0, n1, and n2 for meridional rays incident on the core’s end face to be trapped inside the core by total internal reflection. (Meridional rays are those that pass through the fiber axis. The angle θa is called the acceptance angle, and sin θa the numerical aperture (N.A) of the fiber.)
b) Find θa and N.A. if n1= 2, n2 = 1.74, and n0 = 1.
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