Problem

Soccer “headers” and IQ. USA Today (Aug. 14, 1995) reported on a study which suggests that...

Soccer “headers” and IQ. USA Today (Aug. 14, 1995) reported on a study which suggests that “frequently ‘heading’ the ball in soccer lowers players’ IQs.” A psychologist tested 60 male soccer players, ages 14–29, who played up to five times a week. Players who averaged 10 or more headers a game had an average IQ of 103, while players who headed one or fewer times per game had an average IQ of 112.

a. Describe the population of interest to the psychologist.


b. Identify the variables of interest.


c. Identify the type (qualitative or quantitative) of the variables in part b.


d. Describe the sample.


e. What is the inference made by the psychologist?


f. Discuss some reasons the inference in part e may be misleading.

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Solutions For Problems in Chapter 1