Problems are listed in approximate order of difficulty. A single dot (•) indicates straightforward problems involving just one main concept and sometimes requiring no more than substitution of numbers in the appropriate formula. Two dots (••) identify problems that are slightly more challenging and usually involve more than one concept. Three dots (•••) indicate problems that are distinctly more challenging, either because they are intrinsically difficult or involve lengthy calculations. Needless to say, these distinctions are hard to draw and are only approximate.
•• Compute the number of bits required to store an uncompressed image, (a) Suppose one wanted to have 128 shades of gray (ranging from pure white to pure black) in the image, how many bits per pixel would be required to specify the gray level or brightness? (b) Consider a color image of 640 × 480 pixels (standard VGA resolution), in which each pixel has separate red, green, and blue levels of brightness. How many bits are required to store this image with no compression? Compare this with the size of a typical VGA jpeg image stored on your PC. (Don’t forget that on a PC, file sizes are given in bytes and 1 byte = 8 bits.)
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