Problem

(a) Explain why the statement “one-fifth of all numbers are congruent to 2 modulo 5” makes...

(a) Explain why the statement “one-fifth of all numbers are congruent to 2 modulo 5” makes sense by using the counting function

F(x) = #{positive numbers n x satisfying n 2 (mod 5)}.


(b) Explain why the statement “most numbers are not squares” makes sense by using the counting function

S(x) = #{square numbers less than x}.

Find a simple function of x that is approximately equal to S(x) when x is large. 

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Solutions For Problems in Chapter 13