A mixture of petroleum and natural gas is being trans- ported in a pipeline with a diameter of 102 mm. The pipeline is located in a terrain that caused it to have an average inclination angle of θ = 10°. The liquid phase consists of petroleum with dynamic viscosity of µl = 297.5 × 10–4 kg/m-s, density of ρl = 853 kg/m3, thermal conductivity of kl = 0.163 W/m-K. surface tension of σ = 0.020 N/m. and Prandtl number of Prl. = 405. The gas phase consists of natural gas with dynamic viscosity of µg = 9.225 × 10–6 kg/m · s, density of ρg = 9.0 kg/m3. and Prandtl number of Prg = 0.80. The liquid is flowing at a flow rate of 16 kg/s, while the gas is flowing at 0.055 kg/s. If the void fraction is α = 0.22. determine the two-phase heat transfer coefficient htp. Assume the dynamic viscosity of liquid petroleum evaluated at the tube surface temperature to be 238 × 10–4 kg/m-s.
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