How does diet affect longevity? Studies on animals have shown that restricting caloric intake can increase lifespan. Weindruch et al. did an experiment involving six treatment groups of female mice. The data, contained in the file diet-and-longevity, are also discussed in Ramsey and Shafer (2002). The groups were:
1. NP: mice ate as much as they wished of a standard diet.
2. N/N85: mice were fed normally before and after weaning. After weaning, their caloric intake was 85 kcal per week, which is the normal average level
3. N/R50: mice were fed normally before weaning; and after weaning, their caloric intake was restricted to 50 kcal per week.
4. R/R50: mice were fed 50 kcal per week before and after weaning.
5. lopro: mice were fed normally before weaning, a restricted diet of 50 kcal per week after weaning, and the dietary protein content decreased as they got older.
6. N/R40: mice were fed normally before weaning and were given 40 kcal per week after weaning. As well as making parallel boxplots and conducting an overall test for equality of means, scientific questions of interest involve some specific comparisons. For example, to determine whether reducing from a normal 85 kcal per week to 50 kcal per week, groups N/N85 and N/R50 would be compared. Which groups would you compare to answer the following questions:
a. Do preweaning dietary restrictions have an effect?
b. Does reduction in protein have an effect?
c. Does reduction to 40 kcal per week have an effect?
Formulate the comparisons you wish to make and carry them out using an appropriate Bonferroni correction. What is the purpose of including the group NP?
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