Each of 2 balls is painted either black or gold and then placed in an urn. Suppose that ea...

Each of 2 balls is painted either black or gold and then placed in an urn. Suppose that each ball is colored black with probability  and that these events are independent.

(a) Suppose that you obtain information that the gold paint has been used (and thus at least one of the balls is painted gold). Compute the conditional probability that both balls are painted gold.

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(b) Suppose now that the urn tips over and I ball falls out. It is painted gold. What is the probability that both balls are gold in this case? Explain.