Just as there are atomic shell features, there are also nuclear shell structures. Certain values of the number of protons Z and neutrons N are called “magic,” because certain nuclides with these magic numbers are more tightly bound and have enhanced abundances. These numbers are 2, 8, 20, 28, 50, 82, and 126. (a) Use this fact to explain why 4He and 16O have peaks in the binding energy curve of Figure 12.7. (b) Explain why 208Pb is one of the heaviest stable nuclides. (c) Discuss the abundances of the calcium isotopes with respect to their value of N. The German physicists Maria Goeppert- Mayer and J. Hans D. Jensen won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1963 for their discoveries concerning the nuclear shell model.
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