•• The van der Waals force between two atoms arises because the fluctuating dipole moment of atom 1 induces a dipole moment in atom 2, and this induced moment is always oriented so as to experience an attractive force from atom l. This point is illustrated in Fig. 13.5, for one orientation of the dipoles. (a) Sketch the electric field lines of dipole 1 in Fig. 13.5, and verify that the induced dipole 2 is oriented as shown, (b) Choose axes in the usual way (x across and y up the page) and put the origin at dipole 1. If atom 2 is moved onto the y axis, what is the orientation of its induced dipole moment, and what is the direction of the force on it? (c) Repeat for the case that atom 2 is put halfway between the x and y axes.
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