Physicians are going to show reluctance to prescribe opiate medication as they form addiction in patients, which is additional complication to those patients suffering from chronic pain. Agonist substitution is performed to stop addiction behavior from harmful agonist consumption in rehabilitation program. For example, Clinics are similar to physician’s office, but provide services for only one type of disease or one type of patient. In the above case, a patient with renal cancer requires an opiate medication for pain control. Morphine sulfate and hydromorphone can reduce pain but may cause more analgesic irreversible addiction.
Therefore, a preferable pain relief medication as part of palliative analgesic therapy is methadone, which is not going to cause addiction and relieve pain. For example, a methadone clinic for renal cancer patients treats not only the patients recovering from chronic pain but also from drug addiction.
Thus, the options (b), (c) and (a) are incorrect.
Physicians are going to show reluctance to prescribe opiate medication as they form addiction in patients, which is additional complication to those patients suffering from chronic pain.
Therefore, the correct option is – d). are the most commonly abused prescription drugs.