A stressful situation can make people to habituate “defensive coping”, during painful situations. This kind of coping involves drinking, consuming drugs etc. These are absent with respect to problem-based coping & emotion-focused coping. As per recent research, men and women are going to use emotion-focused coping strategies to defend any kind of work stress or physiological stress compared to men.
The physiological stress is mainly due to adequate response generated by the cells when it is subjected to a specific stressor (environmental cues or a stimulus) so that flight and fight response and endocrine response so that cells of the human body are going to retain its normal position.
These specific stressors are going to trigger variable physiological responses within the cell sometimes leading to cell death. The relationship of physiological stress with the psychological stress is mainly involves emotional responses under specific stressor generating specific retaining difficulty or difficulty in coping with a specific cue or stimulus. The physiological stress (eustress or distress) responses are leading to psychological responses (nervous system, endocrine system) such as behavioral, emotional and cognitive alterations.
Thus, the options (b), (a) and (d) are incorrect.
As per recent research, men and women are going to use emotion-focused coping strategies to defend any kind of work stress or physiological stress compared to men.
Therefore, the correct option is – c). emotion-focused coping.