The targets of sensory modalities vary from one to the other. In most of the mammals, neocortex represent the sensory field of different senses such as vision, touch, olfaction, gustation and hearing. These sensory modalities are the neural representations of the external world that are organized spatially.
This spatial organization represents “topographic map,” which is a neural-spatial representation of the body or the sensory region perceived by a particular sense.
Each sensory modality contains several receptors, which transmit the information to the cerebral cortical region and form “topographic maps.”