Attenuation rate in the ionosphere. Show that the effective permittivity of a plasma with...

Attenuation rate in the ionosphere. Show that the effective permittivity of a plasma with collisions can be expressed as

where ν is the collision frequency and ωp is the plasma frequency. Using this expression to find a simple approximation for the attenuation rate (in dB-m−1) for a 30 MHz wave passing through the lower ionosphere (assume ν ≃ 107 s−1, Ne ≃ 108 m−3).