Automobile exhaust is a major cause of air pollution. One pollutant is nitrogen oxide, whi...

Automobile exhaust is a major cause of air pollution. One pollutant is nitrogen oxide, which forms from nitrogen and oxygen gases in the air at the high temperatures in an automobile engine. Once emitted into the air, nitrogen oxide reacts with oxygen to produce nitrogen dioxide, a reddish brown gas with a sharp, pungent odor that makes up smog. One component of gasoline is octane, C8H18, which has a density of 0.803 g/mL. In one year, a typical automobile uses 550 gal of gasoline and produces 41 lb of nitrogen oxide.

Two gases found in automobile exhaust are carbon dioxide and nitrogen oxide.

a. Write balanced equations for the production of nitrogen oxide and nitrogen dioxide.

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b. If all the nitrogen oxide emitted by one automobile is converted to nitrogen dioxide in the atmosphere, how many kilograms of nitrogen dioxide are produced in one year by a single automobile?

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c. Write a balanced equation for the combustion of octane.

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d. How many moles of C8H18 are present in 15.2 gal of octane?

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e. How many liters of CO2 at STP are produced in one year from the gasoline used by the typical automobile?

Write each of the following in scientific notation:

a. 180000000 g

b. 0.00006 m

c. 750000 g

d. 0.15 mL

e. 0.024 s

f. 1500 m3

Calculate each of the following:

a. number of Ni atoms in 3.4 mol of Ni

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b. number of Mg(OH)2 formula units in 1.20 mol of Mg(OH)2

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c. number of Li atoms in 4.5 mol of Li

Quinine, C20H24N2O2, is a component of tonic water and bitter lemon.

a. How many moles of hydrogen are in 1.0 mol of quinine?

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b. How many moles of carbon are in 5.0 mol of quinine?

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c. How many moles of nitrogen are in 0.020 mol of quinine?

Quinine, C20H24N2O2, is a component of tonic water and bitter lemon.

a. How many moles of hydrogen are in 1.0 mol of quinine?

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b. How many moles of carbon are in 5.0 mol of quinine?

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c. How many moles of nitrogen are in 0.020 mol of quinine?

Determine whether each of the following equations is balanced or not balanced:

a. S(s) + O2(g) → SO3(g)

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b. 2Al(s) + 3Cl2(g) → 2AlCl3(s)

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c. 2NaOH(aq) + H2SO4(aq) → Na2SO4 (aq) + H2O (l)

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d. C3H(g) + 5O2(g) 3CO2(g) + 4H2O(g)

Calculate the total masses of the reactants and the products for each of the following equations:

a. 2Al(s) + 3Cl2(g) → 2AlCl3(s)

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b. 4HCl(g) + O2(g) → 2Cl2(g) + 2H2O(g)

An oxygen tank contains oxygen (O2) at a pressure of 2.00 atm. What is the pressure in the tank in terms of the following units?

a. torr

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b. lb/in.2

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c. mmHg

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d. kPa

Why do scuba divers need to exhale air when they ascend to the surface of the water?