(a) Calculate the specific longitudinal strengths of the glass fiber, carbon fiber, and aramid fiber–reinforced epoxy composites in Table 15.5 and compare them with those of the following alloys: tempered (315°C) 440A martensitic stainless steel, normalized 1020 plain-carbon steel, 2024-T3 aluminum alloy, cold-worked (HO2 temper) C36000 free-cutting brass, rolled AZ31B magnesium alloy, and annealed Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy.
(b) Compare the specific moduli of the same three fiber-reinforced epoxy composites with the same metal alloys. Densities (i.e., specific gravities), tensile strengths, and moduli of elasticity for these metal alloys are given in Tables B.1, B.4, and B.2, respectively, in Appendix B.
Table 15.5 Properties of Continuous and Aligned Glass, Carbon, and Aramid Fiber–Reinforced Epoxy-Matrix Composites in Longitudinal and Transverse Directionsa
Property | Glass (E-glass) | Carbon (High Strength) | Aramid (Kevlar 49) |
Specific gravity | 2.1 | 1.6 | 1.4 |
Tensile modulus | |||
Longitudinal [GPa (106 psi)] | 45 (6.5) | 145 (21) | 76 (11) |
Transverse [GPa (106 psi)] | 12 (1.8) | 10 (1.5) | 5.5 (0.8) |
Tensile strength | |||
Longitudinal [MPa (ksi)] | 1020 (150) | 1240 (180) | 1380 (200) |
Transverse [MPa (ksi)] | 40 (5.8) | 41 (6) | 30 (4.3) |
Ultimate tensile strain | |||
Longitudinal | 2.3 | 0.9 | 1.8 |
Transverse | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.5 |
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