The following table presents the solubilities of several gases in water at 25 °C under a total pressure of gas and water vapor of 1 atm. (a) What volume of CH4(g) under standard conditions of temperature and pressure is contained in 4.0 L of a saturated solution at 25 °C? (b) Explain the variation in solubility among the hydrocarbons listed (the first three compounds), based on their molecular structures and intermolecular forces. (c) Compare the solubilities of O2, N2, and NO, and account for the variations based on molecular structures and intermolecular forces. (d) Account for the much larger values observed for H2S and SO2 as compared with the other gases listed. (e) Find several pairs of substances with the same or nearly the same molecular masses (for example, C2H4 and N2), and use intermolecular interactions to explain the differences in their solubilities.
Gas | Solubility (mM) |
CH4 (methane) | 1.3 |
C2H6 (ethane) | 1.8 |
C2H4 (ethylene) | 4.7 |
N2 | 0.6 |
O2 | 1.2 |
NO | 1.9 |
H2S | 99 |
SO2 | 1476 |
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