Write an equation showing the preparation of the following amides from the indicated carboxylic acid derivative:
(a) from an acyl chloride
(b) from an acid anhydride
(c) from a methyl ester
Sample Solution (a) Amides of the type are derived by acylation of ammonia.
Two molecules of ammonia are needed because its acylation produces, in addition to the desired amide, a molecule of hydrogen chloride. Hydrogen chloride (an acid) reacts with ammonia (a base) to give ammonium chloride.
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