Free diving So-called “no-limits” free divers slide to deep water on a weighted sled that moves from a boat down a vinyl-coated steel cable to the bottom of a dive site. The diver reaches depths where a soda can would implode. After reaching the target depth, the diver releases the sled and an air bag opens and brings the diver quickly back to the surface. The divers have no external oxygen supply— just lungs full of air at the start of the dive. In August 2002, Tanya Streeter of the Cayman Islands held the women’s no-limits free dive record at 160 m. In 2005 Patrick Musimu set the men’s record with a 209.6-m free dive in the Red Sea just off the Egyptian coast (the record was later broken by Herbert Nitsch of Austria). Musimu’s 2005 dive took 3 minutes 28 seconds. He began the dive with his 9-L lungs full of air. By the time he passed the 200-m mark, Musimu’s lungs had contracted to the size of a tennis ball. His body transferred blood from his limbs to essential organs such as the heart, lungs, and brain. This “blood shift” occurs when mammals submerge in water. Blood plasma fills the chest cavity, especially the lungs. Without this adaptation, the lungs would shrink and press against the chest walls, causing permanent damage. When he reached his target, Musimu released the weighted segment of the specialized sled that had taken him down and opened an airbag, which began his return to the surface at an average speed of 3–4 m/s.
Assuming Musimu weighs 670 N (150 lb) and is 1.6 m tall, 0.30 m wide, and 0.15 m thick, which answer below is closest to the magnitude of the force that the deep water exerted on one side of his body?
(a) 0 (b) 670 N (130 lb)
(c) 15,000 N (3000 lb) (d) 105 N (20,000 lb)
(e) 106 N (200,000 lb)
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