The formula for calculating the energies of an electron in a hydrogen-like ion is given in Problem 4.56. This equation can be applied only to one-electron atoms or ions. One way to modify it for more complex species is to replace Z with Z − σ or Zeff, Calculate the value of σ if the first ionization energy of helium is 3.94 × 10−18 J per atom. (Disregard the minus sign in the given equation in your calculation.)
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